Skip to main content
ISCAM: Investigating Statistical Concepts, Applications, and Methods
Beth L. Chance, Allan J. Rossman
Contents
Index
Search Book
Search Results:
No results.
Calculator
Read aloud
Continue
Read aloud settings
Voice
Reading speed
1×
Collapsed content
Announce, do not read
Read automatically
Follow along (auto-scroll)
Continue to the next page automatically
Readability settings
Readability settings
Line height
1.35
Content font size
100%
Theme
System
Light
Dark
Assistive technologies
🔗
Expose permalinks
Reset All
Prev
Up
Next
Scratch ActiveCode
Profile
title here
\( \newcommand{\lt}{<} \newcommand{\gt}{>} \newcommand{\amp}{&} \definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9} \newcommand{\fillinmath}[1]{\mathchoice{\colorbox{fillinmathshade}{$\displaystyle \phantom{\,#1\,}$}}{\colorbox{fillinmathshade}{$\textstyle \phantom{\,#1\,}$}}{\colorbox{fillinmathshade}{$\scriptstyle \phantom{\,#1\,}$}}{\colorbox{fillinmathshade}{$\scriptscriptstyle\phantom{\,#1\,}$}}} \)
Front Matter
To the Student
Using Technology with This Book
1
Preliminaries
Introduction
1.1
Investigation A: Distributions and Variability
1.1.1
Investigation A: Hurricanes and Climate Change
1.1.2
Practice Problem A.A
1.2
Investigation B: Randomness and Probability
1.2.1
Investigation B: Random Babies
1.2.2
Practice Problem B.A
1.2.3
Practice Problem B.B
1.2.4
Practice Problem B.C
1.3
Investigation C: Modelling
1.3.1
Investigation C: Modelling Hurricanes
1.3.2
Practice Problem C.A
1.3.3
Practice Problem C.B
2
ISCAM
Ch. 1 Intro
3
Section 1.1: Analyzing a Process Probability
Introduction
3.1
Investigation 1.1: Friend or Foe?
3.1.1
The Study
3.1.2
Practice Problem 1.1A
3.1.3
Practice Problem 1.1B
3.2
Investigation 1.2: Can Wolves Understand Human Cues?
3.2.1
The Study
3.2.2
Practice Problem 1.2A
3.2.3
Practice Problem 1.2B
3.3
Investigation 1.3: Are You Clairvoyant?
3.3.1
The Scenario
3.3.2
Practice Problem 1.3A
3.3.3
Practice Problem 1.3B
3.3.4
Practice Problem 1.3C
3.4
Investigation 1.4: Heart Transplant Mortality
3.4.1
The Study
3.4.2
Practice Problem 1.4A
3.4.3
Practice Problem 1.4B
3.4.4
Practice Problem 1.4C
3.5
Investigation 1.5: Buttered Side Down Again?
3.5.1
The Study
3.5.2
Practice Problem 1.5
3.6
Investigation 1.6: Kissing the Right Way
3.6.1
The Study
3.6.2
Practice Problem 1.6
3.7
Summary of Exact Binomial Inference
4
Section 1.2: Normal Approximations for Sample Proportions
Introduction
4.1
Investigation 1.7: Reese’s Pieces (optional)
4.1.1
Sampling Distributions
4.1.2
Practice Problem 1.7A
4.1.3
Practice Problem 1.7B
4.2
Investigation 1.8: Halloween Treat Choices
4.2.1
The Study
4.2.2
Practice Problem 1.8A
4.2.3
Practice Problem 1.8B
4.3
Summary of One Proportion
z
-test
4.4
Probability Detour: Normal Random Variables
4.5
Investigation 1.9: Kissing the Right Way (cont.)
4.5.1
Interval of plausible values based on Central Limit Theorem
4.5.2
Practice Problem 1.9A
4.5.3
Practice Problem 1.9B
4.6
Investigation 1.10: Heart Transplant Mortality (cont.)
4.6.1
More Confidence Intervals
4.6.2
Practice Problem 1.10A
4.6.3
Practice Problem 1.10B
4.7
Summary: Confidence Interval Methods
4.8
Investigation 1.11: Ganzfeld Experiments
4.8.1
The Study
4.8.2
Practice Problem 1.11A
4.8.3
Practice Problem 1.11B
4.8.4
Practice Problem 1.11C
4.8.5
Practice Problem 1.11D
4.8.6
Practice Problem 1.11E
4.8.7
Practice Problem 1.11F
5
Section 1.3: Sampling from a Finite Population
Introduction
5.1
Activity: Collecting Data
5.2
Investigation 1.12: Sampling Words
5.2.1
Background
5.2.2
Practice Problem 1.12A
5.2.3
Practice Problem 1.12B
5.3
Investigation 1.13: Sampling Words (cont.)
5.3.1
Estimating the Standard Deviation of Sample Proportions
5.3.2
Practice Problem 1.13A
5.3.3
Practice Problem 1.13B
5.4
Investigation 1.14: Teen Hearing Loss
5.4.1
The Study
5.4.2
Practice Problem 1.14
5.5
Summary of One Proportion
\(z\)
-Procedures for Large Population
5.6
Investigation 1.15: Counting Concussions
5.6.1
The Study
5.6.2
Practice Problem 1.15A
5.6.3
Practice Problem 1.15B
5.7
Investigation 1.16: Literary Digest
5.7.1
The Data
5.7.2
Practice Problem 1.16A
5.7.3
Practice Problem 1.16B
5.7.4
Practice Problem 1.16C
5.7.5
Practice Problem 1.16D
5.8
Investigation 1.17: Cat Households
5.8
The Data
5.9
Investigation 1.18: Women Senators
5.9
The Data
6
Chapter 1 Wrap-Up
Introduction
6.1
Example 1.1: Predicting Elections from Faces?
6.2
Example 1.2: Cola Discrimination
6.3
Example 1.3: Seat Belt Usage
6.1
Chapter 1 Summary
6.2
Summary of What You Have Learned in This Chapter
6.3
Technology Summary
6.4
Quick Reference to ISCAM R Workspace Functions
6.5
Quick Reference to JMP Commands
6.6
Choice of Procedures for Analyzing One Proportion
6.7
Chapter 1 Appendix: Stratified Random Sampling
7
ISCAM
Ch. 2 Intro
8
Section 2.1: Descriptive Statistics for Quantitative Data
Introduction
8.1
Investigation 2.1: Birth Weights
8.1.1
The Data
8.1.2
Practice Problem 2.1A
8.1.3
Practice Problem 2.1B
8.1.4
Practice Problem 2.1C
8.2
Investigation 2.2: How Long Can You Stand It?
8.2.1
The Study
8.2.2
Practice Problem 2.2A
8.2.3
Practice Problem 2.2B
8.3
Investigation 2.3: Readability of Cancer Pamphlets
8.3.1
The Study
8.3.2
Practice Problem 2.3
9
Section 2.2: Inference for a Population Mean
Introduction
9.1
Investigation 2.4: The Ethan Allen
9.1.1
The Scenario
9.1.2
Practice Problem 2.4A
9.1.3
Practice Problem 2.4B
9.1.4
Practice Problem 2.4C
9.2
Investigation 2.5: What is a healthy body temperature?
9.2.1
The Claim
9.2.2
Practice Problem 2.5A
9.2.3
Practice Problem 2.5B
9.2.4
Practice Problem 2.5C
9.3
Investigation 2.6: Healthy Body Temperatures (cont.)
9.3.1
Estimating the parameter
9.3.2
Practice Problem 2.6A
9.3.3
Practice Problem 2.6B
9.4
Summary of One-sample
\(t\)
Procedures
10
Section 2.3: Inference for Other Statistics
Introduction
10.1
Investigation 2.7: Water Oxygen Levels
10.1.1
The Study
10.1.2
Practice Problem 2.7
10.2
Investigation 2.8: Turbidity
10.2.1
The Study
10.2.2
Practice Problem 2.8
10.3
Investigation 2.9: Heroin Treatment Times
10.3.1
The Study
10.3.2
Practice Problem 2.9A
10.3.3
Practice Problem 2.9B
11
Chapter 2 Wrap-Up
Introduction
11.1
Example 2.1: Pushing On
11.2
Example 2.2: Distracted Driving?
11.1
Chapter 2 Summary
11.2
Summary of What You Have Learned in This Chapter
11.3
Technology Summary
11.4
Quick Reference to ISCAM R Workspace Functions and R Commands
11.5
Quick Reference to JMP Commands
11.6
Choice of Procedures for Analyzing One Mean
12
ISCAM
Ch. 3 Intro
13
Section 3.1: Comparing Two Population Proportions
Introduction
13.1
Investigation 3.1: Teen Hearing Loss (cont.)
13.1.1
The Study
13.1.2
Practice Problem 3.1A
13.1.3
Practice Problem 3.1B
13.2
Summary of Comparing Two Population Proportions
13.3
Investigation 3.2: Nightlights and Near-sightedness
13.3.1
The Study
13.3.2
Practice Problem 3.2A
13.3.3
Practice Problem 3.2B
14
Section 3.2: Types of Studies
Introduction
14.1
Investigation 3.3: Handwriting and SAT Scores
14.1.1
The Study
14.1.2
Practice Problem 3.3
14.2
Investigation 3.4: Botox for Back Pain
14.2.1
The Study
14.2.2
Practice Problem 3.4A
14.2.3
Practice Problem 3.4B
14.2.4
Practice Problem 3.4C
15
Section 3.3: Comparing Two Treatment Probabilities
Introduction
15.1
Investigation 3.5: Dolphin Therapy
15.1.1
The Study
15.1.2
Practice Problem 3.5A
15.1.3
Practice Problem 3.5B
15.2
Investigation 3.6: Is Yawning Contagious?
15.2.1
The Study
15.2.2
Practice Problem 3.6A
15.2.3
Practice Problem 3.6B
15.2.4
Practice Problem 3.6C
15.3
Investigation 3.7: CPR vs. Chest Compressions
15.3.1
The Study
15.3.2
Practice Problem 3.7A
15.3.3
Practice Problem 3.7B
16
Section 3.4: Other Statistics
Introduction
16.1
Investigation 3.8: Peanut Allergies
16.1.1
The Study
16.1.2
Practice Problem 3.8A
16.1.3
Practice Problem 3.8B
16.2
Summary of Inference for Relative Risk
16.3
Investigation 3.9: Smoking and Lung Cancer
16.3.1
The (First!) Study
16.3.2
Practice Problem 3.9A
16.3.3
Practice Problem 3.9B
16.4
Summary of Inference for Odds Ratio
16.5
Investigation 3.10: Sleepy Drivers
16.5.1
The Study
16.5.2
Practice Problem 3.10
17
Chapter 3 Wrap Up
Introduction
17.1
Example 3.1: Wording of Questions
17.2
Example 3.2: Unbanked Households
17.1
Chapter 3 Summary
17.2
Summary of What You Have Learned in This Chapter
17.3
Technology Summary
17.4
Choice of Procedures for Comparing Two Proportions
17.5
Quick Reference to ISCAM R Workspace Functions and Other R Commands
17.6
Quick Reference to JMP Commands
17.3
Technology Detour – Simulating Random Assignment (two-way tables)
18
ISCAM
Ch. 4 Intro
19
Section 4.1: Comparing Two Groups with a Quantitative Response
Introduction
19.1
Investigation 4.1: Employment Discrimination?
19.1.1
The Court Case
19.1.2
Practice Problem 4.1
20
Section 4.2: Comparing Two Population Means
Introduction
20.1
Investigation 4.2: The Elephants in the Room
20.1.1
The Study
20.1.2
Probability Exploration: Simulation of Distribution of Difference in Sample Means
20.1.3
Back to the Elephants
20.1.4
Practice Problem 4.2A
20.1.5
Practice Problem 4.2B
20.1.6
Practice Problem 4.2C
20.2
Investigation 4.3: Left-Handedness and Life Expectancy
20.2.1
The Study
20.2.2
Practice Problem 4.3A
20.2.3
Practice Problem 4.3B
20.3
Applet Exploration
20.3
Guess the p-value
21
Section 4.3: Comparing Two Treatment Means
Introduction
21.1
Investigation 4.4: Lingering Effects of Sleep Deprivation
21.1.1
The Study
21.1.2
Practice Problem 4.4A
21.1.3
Practice Problem 4.4B
21.2
Investigation 4.5: Lingering effects of sleep deprivation (cont.)
21.2.1
Two-sample
t
-tests
21.2.2
Practice Problem 4.5
21.3
Investigation 4.6: Ice Cream Serving Sizes
21.3.1
Two-sample
t
-confidence intervals
21.3.2
Practice Problem 4.6
21.4
Investigation 4.7: Cloud Seeding
21.4.1
Strategies for Non-normal Data
21.4.2
Practice Problem 4.7
22
Section 4.4: Matched Pairs Designs
Introduction
22.1
Investigation 4.8: Speed It Up
22.1.1
Independent vs. Paired Designs
22.1.2
Practice Problem 4.8A
22.1.3
Practice Problem 4.8B
22.2
Investigation 4.9: Speed It Up (cont.)
22.2.1
Inference for Paired Designs
22.2.2
Practice Problem 4.9A
22.2.3
Practice Problem 4.9B
22.3
Investigation 4.10: Comparison Shopping
22.3.1
Exercises
22.3.2
Practice Problem 4.10A
22.3.3
Practice Problem 4.10B
22.3.4
Practice Problem 4.10C
22.3.5
Practice Problem 4.10D
22.4
Summary of Procedures for Paired Differences
22.5
Investigation 4.11: Smoke Alarms
22.5.1
McNemar’s Test
22.5.2
Practice Problem 4.11
23
Chapter 4 Wrap-Up
Introduction
23.1
Example 4.1: Age Discrimination?
23.2
Example 4.2: Speed Limit Changes
23.3
Example 4.3: Distracted Driving?
23.4
Example 4.4: Comparison Shopping in the Future
23.5
Chapter 4 Summary
23.5.1
Summary of What You Have Learned in This Chapter
23.5.2
Technology Summary
23.5.3
Quick Reference to ISCAM Workspace Functions and other R Commands
23.5.4
Quick Reference to JMP Commands
23.5.5
Choice of Procedures for Comparing Two Means
24
ISCAM
Chapter 5 Intro
25
Section 5.1: Two Categorical Variables
Introduction
25.1
Investigation 5.1: Dr. Spock’s Trial
25.1.1
The Study
25.1.2
Practice Problem 5.1
25.2
Investigation 5.1A: Newspaper Credibility Decline
25.2.1
The Study
25.2.2
Practice Problem 5.1A
25.3
Investigation 5.2: Teaching Morals
25.3.1
The Study
25.3.2
Practice Problem 5.2
25.4
Investigation 5.3: Near-Sightedness and Night Lights (cont.)
25.4.1
The Study
25.4.2
Practice Problem 5.3
25.5
Summary of Chi-squared Tests
25.6
Section 5.1 Summary
26
Section 5.2: Comparing Several Population Means
Introduction
26.1
Investigation 5.4: Disability Discrimination
26.1.1
The Study
26.1.2
Practice Problem 5.4A
26.1.3
Practice Problem 5.4B
26.2
Investigation 5.5: Restaurant Spending and Music
26.2.1
The Study
26.2.2
Practice Problem 5.5A
26.2.3
Practice Problem 5.5B
26.3
Applet Exploration: Exploring ANOVA
26.3
Applet Exploration
26.4
Section 5.2 Summary
27
Section 5.3: Relationships Between Quantitative Variables
Introduction
27.1
Investigation 5.6: Cat Jumping
27.1.1
The Study
27.1.2
Practice Problem 5.6
27.2
Investigation 5.7: Drive for Show, Putt for Dough
27.2.1
The Study
27.2.2
Practice Problem 5.7A
27.2.3
Practice Problem 5.7B
27.3
Applet Exploration: Correlation Guessing Game
27.3
Exploration Tasks
27.4
Investigation 5.8: Height and Foot Size
27.4.1
The Study
27.4.2
Practice Problem 5.8
27.5
Applet Exploration: Behavior of Regression Lines
27.5
Exploration Tasks
27.6
Excel Exploration: Minimization Criteria
27.6
Exploration Tasks
27.7
Investigation 5.9: Money-Making Movies
27.7.1
The Study
27.7.2
Practice Problem 5.9A
27.7.3
Practice Problem 5.9B
27.8
Section 5.3 Summary
28
Section 5.4: Inference for Regression
Introduction
28.1
Investigation 5.10: Running Out of Time
28.1.1
The Data
28.1.2
Practice Problem 5.10A
28.1.3
Practice Problem 5.10B
28.2
Investigation 5.11: Running Out of Time (cont.)
28.2.1
The Data Cont.
28.2.2
Practice Problem 5.11
28.3
Investigation 5.12: Boys’ Heights
28.3
The (Hypothetical) Data
28.4
Investigation 5.13: Cat Jumping (cont.)
28.4.1
The Study
28.4.2
Practice Problem 5.13
28.5
Investigation 5.14: Housing Prices
28.5.1
The Study
28.5.2
Practice Problem 5.14
28.6
Summary of Inference for Regression
28.7
Technology Exploration: The Regression Effect
28.7
The Study
28.8
Section 5.4 Summary
29
Chapter 5 Wrap-Up
Introduction
29.1
Example 5.1: Internet Use by Region
29.2
Example 5.2: Lifetimes of Notables
29.3
Example 5.3: Physical Education Class Performance
29.4
Example 5.4: Comparing Popular Diets
29.5
Chapter 5 Summary
29.5.1
Technology Summary
29.5.2
Choice of Procedures for Comparing Several Populations, Exploring Relationships
29.5.3
Quick Reference to ISCAM R Workspace Functions and Other R Commands
29.5.4
Quick Reference to JMP Commands
Backmatter
A.
Glossary of Terms
B.
ISCAM Resources
Index
Colophon
Introduction
This chapter concludes our study of comparing two groups on a categorical variable. The following sections provide additional examples and a comprehensive summary of the methods and procedures covered in this chapter.
🔗
