## Section1.14Worked Example: Compound Operators

### Subgoals for evaluating an assignment statement.

1. Determine resultant data type of expression

2. Update variable for pre-increment or pre-decrement operators (side effect)

3. Evaluate arithmetic expression according to operator precedence

4. If an assignment statement (=), is Left Hand Side (LHS) a variable? Check data type of value against data type of variable.

5. Update variable for post-increment or post-decrement operators (side effect)

You can watch this video or read through the content below it.

Given the following code snippet, evaluate the final statement (the last line). If invalid, give the reason. If valid, what value is assigned to the variable? Note any possible side effects.

int alpha = 2, beta = 5,  delta = 7,  eta,  gamma = 5;
double omega = 2.5,  theta = -1.3,  kappa = 3.0,  lambda,  rho;

gamma += delta / alpha + beta % alpha;


### Subsection1.14.1SG1 : Determine resultant data type of expression

• The expression is usually the right-hand-side (RHS) of the statement, but compound assignment operators are a special shorthand than includes the compounded operation with the left-hand-side (LHS). A much simpler example could be gamma += 1;, which would be a shorthand for gamma = gamma + 1;

• Thus, the entire expression for this example is gamma + delta / alpha + beta % alpha;, which will be assigned back into gamma.

• At the beginning of the snippet, all of these variables were declared as int type, so all of the operations will also result in int values.

### Subsection1.14.2SG2: Update variable for pre-increment or pre-decrement operators (side effect)

NOT USED IN THIS EXAMPLE

### Subsection1.14.3SG3: Evaluate arithmetic expression according to operator precedence

• The expression may be easiest to conceptualize algebraically, by replacing the variables right away with their initialized values from the declarations above: 5 + 7 / 2 + 5 % 2.

• Division and modulus both have higher precedence than addition, so we evaluate them first, resulting in a new expression of 5 + 3 + 1.

• In the division, both variables are type int, so the result is also an int value, with the remainder truncated (i.e. abandoned, i.e. thrown away).

• Also remember, the mod % operation returns the remainder after integer division.

• Finally, we evaluate the additions left-to-right, 5+3 is 8, and 8+1 is 9.

### Subsection1.14.4SG4: If an assignment statement (=), is Left Hand Side (LHS) a variable? Check data type of value against data type of variable.

The LHS of the assignment is a variable of type int, and the expression result is type int. This is valid.

### Subsection1.14.5SG5: Update variable for post-increment or post-decrement operators (side effect)

NOT USED IN THIS EXAMPLE

### Subsection1.14.6Questions to check understanding

Q1) Is the left-hand-side (LHS) of the statement a variable? What type?

Q2) What is the resulting type after evaluating the right-hand-side (RHS)?

Q3) Can the type of the RHS result be assigned to the LHS variable?