1. Short Answer.
Kai ma ba da na ka misalin na kwamfuta
Section 1.2
A game da yadda kwamfuta ke daukar wadannan jerin umarni a matsayin yaren dan adam (High level language) sannan ya sarrafasu ko ya juyasu zuwa yaren komfuwta (low level language) to kuwa sai dai in takaice bayanina domin wannan littafin ba zai dauka duka wadannan bayanan ba sai dai a takaita.
Zayyana harkar kirkira zai yi matukar taimaka maka a wajen sanin wannnan sha’anin na kirkira. Duk abin da zamu tattauna a wannan littafin ba zai fita daga abinda ya shafi harkar kwamfuta ba, ma’ana dai abubuwan da zamu tattauna na da alaka da kwamfuta. Na’urar mai ƙwaƙwalwa (kwamfuta) wani irin na’ura ne da ake kirkira masa hanyar da zai bi ya sarrafa umarni domin aiwatar da wasu ayyuka na musamman.
Misalin irin wadannan na’urorin masu ƙwaƙwalwa sun hada da irinsu; kwamfutar cinya (Laptop), kwamfutar kan tebur (Desktop), na’urorin lissafi (Calculators), na’urorin samar da zafi domin gasa ko dumama abu (Microwaves), na’urorin jagora domin nuna guri (navigation devices).
Exercises Exercises
Gaba daya wadannan na’urorin suna da sassa na zahiri da suka hadu suka samar da su. Sassa na zahiri (Hardware) sune abubuwan da suka hadu suka samar da kwamfuta. Sune irin sassan da ake iya gani da taba wa. Cikakken na’urar komfiwta yana da sassa irinsu sashen masarrafar bayanai (SMB) wato ‘Central Processing Unit (CPU)’, ma’aji (memory), kananan na’urori masu shigar da ko fitar da bayanai (input and output devices), da kuma Ma’aji da ake sakowa daga waje (secondary storage devices).
Exercises Exercises
1.
- Na fahimta abubuwan baya
- Write feedback
- A’a (change)
- write feedback
Ka shirya?
Sashen Masarrafar Bayanai (SMB) wato ‘Central Processing Unit (CPU)’ shine kwakwalwar na’urar komfiwta, shine yake kula da duk wasu aikace- aikacen da ke faruwa a cikin na’urar komfiwtar wannan kuwa ya shafi aiwatar da duk wani aiki ko aikin manhaja. Zai karbi bayani daga waje, sannan ya aiwatar da lissafi sannan ya mika sakamakon da ya samo zuwa waje ta hanyar na’urori masu fitar da bayanai (output devices).
Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ake kira da ‘main memory’ ko koma ‘primary memory’ wato Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na farko da ya fi sauri.
‘Rondom Access Memory’ wato “RAM” a takaice. Shima kuwa yana da matukar amfani ga kowane irin na’urar komfiwta a wajen adana tsare- tsarensa dake faruwa a take a cikin na’urar. Wannan ma’aji shine sashen da masarrafar bayanai ke adana duk wasu umarnin tsare-tsaren dake faruwa a yayin sarrafa bayanai a wannan lokacin, saboda haka; ana kaddara wannan sashene a matsayin ma’ajin da yake samar da filin da ke adana duk wasu tsare-tsaren da sashen masarrafar bayanan ke sarrafasu a wannan lokacin wannan kuwa ya shafi hatta manhajojin da ke amfani a wannan lokacin. Matukar aka kashe na’urar komfiwta to kuwa duk abin da yake kan wannan ma’ajin zai zama babu domin dama yana adana bayani ne na tsawon daukewar wutar lantarki daga na’urar. (Ma’ajin farko (RAM) ana sanya shi ne a cikin gurbin sashen masarrafar bayanai a tsarin kirkiranrsa a zahiri) (Hoton Wannan ma’aji). Misali. yayinda kake karbar lambar waya, to matukar baka adanashi a wani ma’ajin ba to kuwa zaka rasa wannan lambar domin a wancen lokacin da kake karbar lambar yana zamane akan ma’ajin ‘RAM’ to shi kuwa dama munce wannan ma’ajin yana rike bayanine na tsawon daukewar wutar lantarki daga na’urar.
(RAM is stored in chips)
Na’urori masu shigar da ko fitar da bayanai (Input/Output devices) – Wadannan wasu na’urorine da ake iya gani a cikin na’urar komfiwta sannan suna taimakawa komfiwta a wajen karbar bayani sannan su aika bayanin zuwa sashen masarrafar bayanai ko kuma su bayyana bayanin ta hanyar nuni, jiyarwa, da kuma alama. Na’urori masu shigar da bayanai (Input devices) sune kamar su; allon rubutun komfiwta (Keyboard), na’urar karbar magana (microphones), na’ura mai fahimtar alamu (sensors), na’urar wasanni (track pad), linzamin komfiwta (mouse), na’urar daukar hoto (Cameras), na’urar tsabtace hoto (scanners), da dai sauransu. Dukkansu wadannan na’urorin ana amfani da su ne a wajen karbar bayanai daga mai amfani da na’urar komfiwta ko dai daga wasu na’urorin. Na’urori masu fitar da bayanai (Output devices): sune irinsu; allon manunin komfiwta (Monitor), amsa-kowa (Speaker), na’urar buga takarda (Printer), na’urar haska fuskar komfiwta (Projector) da dai sauransu. Dukka wadannan amfaninsu shine fitar da bayanai zuwa waje domin amfanin dan adam.
Ma’aji na biyu (Secondary storage): Wannan ma’ajine dake adana bayani zuwa lokaci mai tsawo. Bayanan da aka sarrafasu bayan sun bar ma’ajin farko (RAM) zasu wuce ne kai-tsaye zuwa ma’aji na biyu (Secondary storage) domin samun wurin zama din-din-din. Saboda haka; bayanan da aka adana a ma’aji na biyu, za a iya daukarsu a koda yaushe ake bukata koda na’urar ya mutu saboda rashin wutar lantarki idan ka kunna shi zaka samu bayanan. Duk wasu manhajoji da kuma tsare-tsaren komfiwtar an adanashi ne a wannan ma’aji amma yayinda ake son fara amfani da su sai su hau zuwa ma’ajin farko (RAM) domin shirin fara aiki idan aka bukaci hakan. Ire-iren ma’aji na biyu (Secondary storage) sune; nau’in ma’aji da ake sanyasu ta kafar USB kamar su; flash. da nau’in ma’aji da hasken ‘laser’ ke karantasu (Optical storage devices) kamarsu: CD, DVD. da kuma nau’in ma’ajin da suke da tsarin maga-na-isu (Magnet) a cikinsu. kamar madaukan faifayin had disk (Hard Disk Drives).
Exercises Exercises
1. Matching Problem, Computer Parts.
You have attempted of activities on this page.
