2.10. Composition¶

So far we have looked at the elements of a programming language—variables, expressions, and statements—in isolation, without talking about how to combine them.

One of the most useful features of programming languages is their ability to take small building blocks and compose them. For example, we know how to multiply integers and we know how to output values; it turns out we can do both at the same time:

This program performs multiplication and prints the result simultaneously.

Actually, I shouldn’t say “at the same time,” since in reality the multiplication has to happen before the output, but the point is that any expression, involving numbers, characters, and variables, can be used inside an output statement. We’ve already seen one example:

This program performs a calculation involving variables and prints the result at the same time.

You can also put arbitrary expressions on the right-hand side of an assignment statement:

This program performs a calculation involving variables and simultaneously assigns the result to a variable.

This ability may not seem so impressive now, but we will see other examples where composition makes it possible to express complex computations neatly and concisely.

Warning

There are limits on where you can use certain expressions; most notably, the left-hand side of an assignment statement has to be a variable name, not an expression.

That’s because the left side indicates the storage location where the result will go. Expressions do not represent storage locations, only values. So the following is illegal: minute + 1 = hour;.

Finish the code below so that the velocity is calculated and returned on the same line. Hint: the current velocity results from 1) the initial velocity and 2) the acceleration over a window of time. Use v0 for initial velocity, a for acceleration, and t for time.

Finish the code below so that the volume of a cylinder with radius r and height h is calculated and returned on the same line. Use 3.14 for pi.

You have attempted of activities on this page