Before you keep reading...

Runestone Academy can only continue if we get support from individuals like you. As a student you are well aware of the high cost of textbooks. Our mission is to provide great books to you for free, but we ask that you consider a $10 donation, more if you can or less if $10 is a burden.

Support Runestone Academy Today

Before you keep reading...

Making great stuff takes time and $$. If you appreciate the book you are reading now and want to keep quality materials free for other students please consider a donation to Runestone Academy. We ask that you consider a $10 donation, but if you can give more thats great, if $10 is too much for your budget we would be happy with whatever you can afford as a show of support.

Support Runestone Academy Today

12.6. Exam 5 for the AP CSA Exam (not timed)

The following problems are similar to what you might see on the AP CSA exam. Please answer each to the best of your ability.

12-6-1: Suppose x, y, and z are variables of type int. Consider the following three conditions

1. (x == y) && (y == z) && (x == z)

2. (x==y) || (y==z) && (x == z)

3. (x - y) * (x - z) * (y - z) == 0

Which of these conditions is (are) always true if x == y is true?

• I only
• We don't know the value of z
• II only
• II is true but there is (are) other statements that evaluate to true
• III only
• III is true but there is (are) other statements that evaluate to true
• I and II only
• For I, we don't know the value of z
• II and III only
• III executes to true if either a||b true, III is true because x-y will become 0 then 0 * a *b... = 0

12-6-2: Consider the following method. What will be returned by a call to multiply(8)?

public int multiply(int n)
{
    if (n == 0)
        return 1;
    else if(n % 2 == 1)
        return n;
    else
        return n * multiply(n - 2);
}

• 1
• n != 0
• 8
• There are some recursive calls since n % 2 != 1
• 8*7*6*5*4*3*2
• Subtracts 2 from original number of 8, so could never call an odd number to be multiplied
• 8*6*4*2
• Will recursively call 8 -2, then 6-2, and lastly 4-2
• 7*5*3
• Subtracts 2 from original number of 8, so could never call an odd number to be multiplied

12-6-3: Which of the following code segments correctly stores in x a random real number such that 0.6 <= x < 1?

• double x = 0.6 * Math.random( ) + 0.4;
• This gives .4 <= x <1
• double x = 0.4 * Math.random( ) + 0.6;
• Math.random() returns 0(inclusive) to 1(exclusive) so this makes 0 + .6 the lower bound, and .99999 the upper bound
• double x = Math.random( ) - 0.4;
• This gives -.4 <= x < 6
• double x = (double) (Math.random( ) * 0.4);
• This doesn't ensure lower bound and upper bound
• double x = (double) (Math.random( ) + 0.6);
• This doesn't ensure lower bound and upper bound

12-6-4: Suppose methods f1 and f2 are defined as follows. What value is returned from the call f1(5)?

public int f1(int x)
{
    if(x == 0)
        return 0;
    else
        return f2(x -2);
}

public int f2(int x)
{
    if(x == 1)
        return 1;
    else
        return f1(x + 1) + x;
}

• -4
• Trace out the recursive calls. See https://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q6
• 4
• Trace out the recursive calls. See https://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q6
• 6
• Correct!
• 8
• Trace out the recursive calls. See https://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q6
• -6
• Trace out the recursive calls. See https://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q6

12-6-5: Which statement about constructors is false?

• It is legal for the value of a static variable to be changed in a constructor.
• Static variables can still have their values changed
• The constructor in a subclass must use the keyword super to initialize the private instance variables from its superclass.
• This is true, under the hood if you don't explicitly use the 'super' keyword, the compiler will do it for you automatically
• A constructor has no return type.
• This is true.
• A constructor must be private.
• Constructors should be public so that they can be called from outside the class to construct objects.
• If a subclass does not explicitly provide a constructor and its superclass has just one constructor with a parameter, an error will occur when an attempt is made to create an instance of a subclass object.
• Because of the inheritance, the constructor from super class will be called and it is expecting a passed in parameter

12-6-6: Consider the following method. What will the output of mystery(6) return?

public int mystery(int n)
{
    if(n == 1 || n ==2)
        return 2;
    else
        return mystery(n -1) + mystery(n - 2);
}

• 10
• Trace out the recursive calls, see https://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q10
• 12
• Trace out the recursive calls, see https://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q10
• 16
• Trace out the recursive calls, see https://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q10
• 26
• Trace out the recursive calls, see https://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q10
• 32
• Trace out the recursive calls, see https://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q10

12-6-7: Suppose a and b are boolean variables. The expression below

!a && !b

…will evaluate to false whenever

1. a and b are both false

2. a is false and b is true

3. a is true and b is false

• I only
• This is true because !false && !false becomes true && true
• II only
• If either a or b (or both a AND b) is true whole expression becomes false
• III only
• If either a or b (or both a AND b) is true whole expression becomes false
• II and III only
• If either a or b (or both a AND b) is true whole expression becomes false
• I, II, and III
• If either a or b (or both a AND b) is true whole expression becomes false

12-6-8: Consider the following code segment. What will be the output after execution of this code segment?

int x = 10, y = 0;
while(x > 5)
{
    y = 3;
    while(y < x)
    {
        y *= 2;
        if( y % x == 1)
            y += x;
    }
    x -= 3
}
System.out.println(x + " " + y);

• 1 6
• condition (y % x ==1) never true. Trace it out https://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q12
• 7 12
• condition (y % x ==1) never true. Trace it out https://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q12
• -3 12
• condition (y % x ==1) never true. Trace it out https://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q12
• 4 12
• condition (y % x ==1) never true
• -3 6
• condition (y % x ==1) never true. Trace it out https://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q12

12-6-9: What value is stored in result if:

int result = 13 - 3 * 6 / 4 % 3

• -5
• the %, *, and / all have the same precedence
• 0
• the %, *, and / all have the same precedence
• 13
• the %, *, and / all have the same precedence
• -1
• the %, *, and / all have the same precedence
• 12
• the %, *, and / all have the same precedence

12-6-10: Consider the following code segment. Assume k is some positive integer greater than 2. How many times will “SMALL” be printed?

for(int i = 2; i <= k; i++)
{
    if(arr[i] < someValue)
       System.out.print("SMALL");
}

• 0
• k > 2 so will print out "SMALL"
• 1
• k can be greater than 3
• k -1
• max of k-1 iterations (end - start + 1 is k - 2 + 1)
• k -2
• it is <= k so inclusive of k
• k
• max of k -1 iterations

12-6-11: Which best describes what the printSomething method below does?

public void printSomething(String str)
{
    if(str.length() > 0)
    {
        System.out.print(str.substring(0,1));
        printSomething(str.substring(1));
    }

}

• It prints string str
• Prints out the leftmost character at the start of the recursive call. Then always trims off the left most character, but substring(x) with single parameter x gives the remaining string from index x until the end. See https://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q17
• It prints string str in reverse order
• substring(0,1) prints leftmost char not the rightmost char
• It prints only the first two characters of string str
• there is a recursive call of a substring at each iteration
• It prints only the first two characters of string str
• goes until s.length > 0
• It prints only the last character of string str
• goes until s.length > 0 and there are recursive calculates

12-6-12: A square matrix is declared as

int[][] mat = new int [SIZE][SIZE]

where SIZE is an appropriate integer constant. Consider the code below.

If mat is initialized to be:

2 6 3
4 5 1
7 1 2

What value will be returned by a call to sum(mat)?

public static int sum(int[][] mat)
{
    int total = 0;
    for(int r = 0; r < mat.length; r++)
    {
        for(int c = 0; c <= r; c++)
        {
            total += mat[r][c];
        }
    }
    return total;
}

• 9
• Second for loop goes until colum <= row index
• 15
• Second for loop goes until colum <= row index
• 19
• Second for loop goes until colum <= row index
• 21
• adds the lower half of the matrix
• 31
• Second for loop goes until colum <= row index

12-6-13: The elements of an array are to be sorted in increasing order. Which represent the first step of a merge sort algorithm?

• Find the smallest element in arr and swap it into arr[0]
• This is for selection sort
• Compare arr[0] with arr[1] and, if necessary, shift and replace elements such that arr[0] is less than arr[1]
• This is for bubble sort
• Compare arr[0] with the middle element of arr, arr[mid] , and if arr[0] is less than arr[mid] , swap these elements
• Merge sort deals with cutting sets into halves and repeating this process
• Compare the first and last elements, and if the first is less than the last, swap these elements.
• Merge sort deals with cutting sets into halves and repeating this process
• Break the array into roughly two equal halves.
• Firs step is to cut sets in halves until you get to a single element in a 'set'

12-6-14: Which of the following could replace the body of compute so it does the same thing.

public static int compute(int n)
{
    for(int i = 1; i < 4; i++)
    {
        n *= n;
    }
    return n;
}

• return 4 * n;
• 3 iterations of the loop and each loop does n^2
• return 8 * n;
• 3 iterations of the loop and each loop does n^2
• return 64 * n;
• 3 iterations of the loop and each loop does n^2
• return (int) Math.pow(n,4);
• 3 iterations of the loop and each loop does n^2
• return (int) Math.pow(n,8);
• Method basically does (n^2)^3 which is the same as n ^ 8

12-6-15: How many times will the asterik("*") be printed?

for(int k = 4; k < 10; k +=2)
{
    for(int j = 1; j <= 5; j++)
    {
        System.out.print("*");
    }
}

• 36
• Outer loop does gets incremented by 2, NOT by 1. Also, j starts at 1, NOT 0
• 30
• Inner loop starts at 1 and is ends at 5 inclusive so exectues 5 times
• 35
• Outer loop does gets incremented by 2, NOT by 1
• 15
• Outerloop executes 3 times and inner loop executes 5 times.
• 18
• See http://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q23

12-6-16: Consider the following code. What is printed?

class Dog
{

    public void act()
    {
        System.out.print("run ");
        eat();
    }

    public void eat()
    {
        System.out.print("eat ");
    }
}

public class UnderDog extends Dog
{

    public void act()
    {
        super.act();
        System.out.print("sleep ");
    }

    public void eat()
    {
        super.eat();
        System.out.print("bark ");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Dog fido = new UnderDog();
        fido.act();
    }
}

• run eat
• Because the fido is an "Underdog", we will call the eat() from class Underdog, http://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q25
• run eat sleep
• Because the fido is an "Underdog", we will call the eat() from class Underdog, http://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q25
• run eat sleep bark
• Because the fido is an "Underdog", we will call the eat() from class Underdog, http://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q25
• run eat bark sleep
• Because the fido is an "Underdog", we will call the eat() from class Underdog, http://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q25
• Nothing is printed due to infinite recursion
• Because the fido is an "Underdog", we will call the eat() from class Underdog, http://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q25

12-6-17: What is the output of the System.out.println statement?

int x = 3, y = -2;
while(x > y)
{
    x--;
    y++;
}
System.out.println(x - y);

• -1
• x becomes 0 and y becomes 1 so 0 - 1 = -1
• 1
• make sure to do x-y and not y-x
• 0
• http://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q26
• -2
• http://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q26
• 2
• http://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q26

12-6-18: What will be the value of sum after the execution of code above?

int sum = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
    if((i % 2) - 1 ==0)
        sum += 3;
    else
        sum++;
}

• 4
• i%2 -1 ==0 means "is this number odd". See http://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q27
• 5
• i%2 -1 ==0 means "is this number odd". See http://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q27
• 6
• i%2 -1 ==0 means "is this number odd". See http://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q27
• 7
• i%2 -1 ==0 means "is this number odd". See http://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q27
• 8
• i%2 -1 ==0 means "is this number odd". See http://tinyurl.com/AP19-Q27

12-6-19: What is printed out by the following code?

String s = "Computer Science is fun!";
String s1 = s.substring(0,8);
String s2 = s1.substring(1);
String s3 = s2.substring(1,3);

System.out.println(s3);

• mput
• The .substring() function is inclusive left, exclusive right. Also if passed a single parameter it will take that as the starting index for the substring up to the rest of the string.
• mpu
• The .substring() function is inclusive left, exclusive right. Also if passed a single parameter it will take that as the starting index for the substring up to the rest of the string.
• mp
• The .substring() function is inclusive left, exclusive right. Also if passed a single parameter it will take that as the starting index for the substring up to the rest of the string.
• omp
• The .substring() function is inclusive left, exclusive right. Also if passed a single parameter it will take that as the starting index for the substring up to the rest of the string.
• Om
• The .substring() function is inclusive left, exclusive right. Also if passed a single parameter it will take that as the starting index for the substring up to the rest of the string.

You have attempted of activities on this page