19.8. Comparing States¶
This section uses the same data file that we have been using, but if you want to see all of the data click on the Show button below. Once it appears, you can hide it again by clicking on the Hide button.
Aberdeen,SD:13:8 Adrian,MI:15:9 Akron,OH:18:11 Albany,GA:18:11 Albany-Lebanon,OR:14:8 Albany-Schenectady-Troy,NY:13:8 Albuquerque,NM:12:7 Alexandria,LA:20:12 Allegan,MI:14:9 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton,PA-NJ:21:12 Altoona,PA:19:12 Anchorage,AK:13:8 Anderson,IN:18:11 Ann Arbor,MI:16:10 Appleton,WI:14:9 Asheville,NC:15:9 Athens,OH:14:9 Athens,TN:15:9 Athens-Clarke County,GA:16:9 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta,GA:23:14 Atlantic City-Hammonton,NJ:14:8 Augusta-Richmond County,GA-SC:18:11 Augusta-Waterville,ME:14:9 Austin-Round Rock,TX:17:10 Bakersfield,CA:24:15 Baltimore-Towson,MD:20:12 Bangor,ME:12:7 Baraboo,WI:17:10 Baton Rouge,LA:19:11 Bay City,MI:13:8 Beaver Dam,WI:15:9 Beckley,WV:14:8 Bellingham,WA:7:4 Bennington,VT:11:7 Birmingham-Hoover,AL:20:12 Bishop,CA:11:6 Bismarck,ND:11:6 Bloomington,IN:17:10 Bloomington-Normal,IL:16:9 Boise City-Nampa,ID:17:10 Boone,NC:13:8 Boston-Cambridge-Quincy,MA-NH:16:10 Boulder,CO:12:7 Bowling Green,KY:17:10 Bradenton-Sarasota-Venice,FL:12:7 Brainerd,MN:8:5 Bremerton-Silverdale,WA:7:4 Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk,CT:16:9 Brigham City,UT:12:7 Brookings,SD:14:9 Brownsville-Harlingen,TX:16:10 Brunswick,GA:13:8 Buffalo-Niagara Falls,NY:16:9 Burlington,NC:14:9 Burlington-South Burlington,VT:12:7 Butte-Silver Bow,MT:19:11 Cadillac,MI:10:6 Cambridge,MD:13:8 Canton-Massillon,OH:21:12 Cape Coral-Fort Myers,FL:12:7 Casper,WY:9:5 Cedar Rapids,IA:16:10 Champaign-Urbana,IL:16:10 Charleston,WV:18:11 Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville,SC:16:10 Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord,NC-SC:16:10 Charlottesville,VA:13:8 Chattanooga,TN-GA:18:11 Cheyenne,WY:9:6 Chicago-Naperville-Joliet,IL-IN-WI:22:13 Chico,CA:12:7 Cincinnati-Middletown,OH-KY-IN:23:14 Clarksburg,WV:16:10 Clarksville,TN-KY:16:10 Clearlake,CA:7:4 Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor,OH:24:15 Clinton,IA:18:11 Colorado Springs,CO:12:7 Columbia,SC:17:10 Columbia,TN:14:8 Columbus,GA-AL:19:11 Columbus,OH:18:11 Concord,NH:16:9 Cookeville,TN:14:9 Corning,NY:11:7 Corpus Christi,TX:18:11 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington,TX:20:12 Daphne-Fairhope-Foley,AL:15:9 Davenport-Moline-Rock Island,IA-IL:18:11 Dayton,OH:18:11 Decatur,AL:15:9 Decatur,IL:17:10 Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach,FL:11:6 Denver-Aurora-Broomfield,CO:14:9 Des Moines-West Des Moines,IA:15:9 Detroit-Warren-Livonia,MI:21:12 Dickinson,ND:7:4 Dothan,AL:15:9 Dover,DE:14:8 Duluth,MN-WI:11:6 Durango,CO:7:4 Durham,NC:14:8 Durham-Chapel Hill,NC:14:8 Dyersburg,TN:15:9 East Stroudsburg,PA:13:8 Eau Claire,WI:14:8 El Centro,CA:24:14 El Dorado,AR:18:11 El Paso,TX:21:12 Elizabethtown,KY:20:12 Elkhart-Goshen,IN:21:12 Erie,PA:19:11 Eugene-Springfield,OR:13:8 Eureka-Arcata-Fortuna,CA:11:7 Evansville,IN-KY:19:12 Fairbanks,AK:31:19 Fairmont,WV:17:10 Fargo,ND-MN:13:8 Farmington,NM:8:5 Fayetteville,NC:15:9 Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers,AR-MO:16:10 Flagstaff,AZ:9:5 Flint,MI:13:8 Florence,SC:15:9 Florence-Muscle Shoals,AL:15:9 Fort Collins-Loveland,CO:12:7 Fort Madison-Keokuk,IA-MO:18:11 Fort Payne,AL:15:9 Fort Smith,AR-OK:17:10 Fort Wayne,IN:23:14 Fresno,CA:74:45 Gadsden,AL:16:10 Gainesville,FL:12:7 Gainesville,GA:16:9 Gettysburg,PA:18:11 Gillette,WY:13:8 Goldsboro,NC:21:13 Grand Island,NE:13:8 Grand Junction,CO:12:7 Grand Rapids-Wyoming,MI:16:10 Grants Pass,OR:12:7 Greeley,CO:13:8 Green Bay,WI:16:10 Greensboro-High Point,NC:14:9 Greenville,NC:13:8 Greenville-Mauldin-Easley,SC:16:10 Grenada,MS:16:9 Gulfport-Biloxi,MS:16:10 Hagerstown-Martinsburg,MD-WV:19:11 Hammond,LA:15:9 Hanford-Corcoran,CA:28:17 Harriman,TN:22:13 Harrisburg-Carlisle,PA:20:12 Harrisonburg,VA:15:9 Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford,CT:14:9 Hattiesburg,MS:18:11 Helena,MT:16:9 Helena-West Helena,AR:16:9 Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton,NC:16:10 Hilo,HI:27:16 Hobbs,NM:13:8 Holland-Grand Haven,MI:15:9 Homosassa Springs,FL:11:7 Honolulu,HI:12:7 Hot Springs,AR:18:11 Houma-Bayou Cane-Thibodaux,LA:13:8 Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown,TX:21:13 Huntington-Ashland,WV-KY-OH:19:11 Huntsville,AL:16:9 Indianapolis-Carmel,IN:25:15 Iowa City,IA:16:10 Jackson,MS:19:11 Jackson,TN:15:9 Jackson,WY-ID:11:6 Jacksonville,FL:13:8 Jamestown-Dunkirk-Fredonia,NY:13:8 Jasper,IN:18:11 Johnstown,PA:19:12 Juneau,AK:11:6 Kahului-Wailuku,HI:11:6 Kalamazoo-Portage,MI:17:10 Kalispell,MT:13:8 Kansas City,MO-KS:24:15 Kapaa,HI:11:7 Keene,NH:16:10 Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol,TN-VA:15:9 Kinston,NC:13:8 Klamath Falls,OR:18:11 Knoxville,TN:18:11 Kokomo,IN:16:10 La Crosse,WI-MN:14:8 Laconia,NH:11:7 Lafayette,IN:24:14 Lafayette,LA:18:11 Lake Charles,LA:14:8 Lake Havasu City-Kingman,AZ:6:4 Lakeland-Winter Haven,FL:13:8 Lancaster,PA:21:13 Lansing-East Lansing,MI:14:9 Laramie,WY:9:6 Las Cruces,NM:25:15 Las Vegas-Paradise,NV:20:12 Laurel,MS:18:11 Lawrenceburg,TN:14:8 Lebanon,NH-VT:11:7 Lebanon,PA:24:14 Lewiston-Auburn,ME:13:8 Lexington-Fayette,KY:16:10 Lima,OH:17:10 Lincoln,NE:14:9 Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway,AR:19:12 Logan,UT-ID:15:9 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana,CA:33:20 Louisville/Jefferson County,KY-IN:22:13 Lumberton,NC:14:9 Lynchburg,VA:13:8 Macon,GA:19:12 Madera,CA:27:16 Madison,WI:16:9 Manchester-Nashua,NH:14:8 Marshall,MN:12:7 Marshall,TX:17:10 McAlester,OK:19:11 McAllen-Edinburg-Mission,TX:18:11 Medford,OR:15:9 Memphis,TN-MS-AR:17:10 Merced,CA:18:11 Meridian,MS:17:10 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach,FL:14:8 Michigan City-La Porte,IN:16:10 Middlesborough,KY:17:10 Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis,WI:18:11 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington,MN-WI:17:10 Missoula,MT:21:12 Mobile,AL:15:9 Modesto,CA:25:15 Monroe,LA:22:13 Monroe,MI:16:9 Montgomery,AL:18:11 Morgantown,WV:15:9 Mount Vernon,IL:14:9 Muncie,IN:16:10 Muscatine,IA:18:11 Muskegon-Norton Shores,MI:15:9 Napa,CA:23:14 Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin,TN:17:10 New Castle,IN:15:9 New Haven-Milford,CT:15:9 New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner,LA:21:13 New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island,NY-NJ-PA:23:14 Niles-Benton Harbor,MI:14:9 Nogales,AZ:16:10 Norwich-New London,CT:13:8 Ogden-Clearfield,UT:15:9 Oklahoma City,OK:16:10 Omaha-Council Bluffs,NE-IA:19:12 Orlando-Kissimmee,FL:12:7 Owensboro,KY:18:11 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura,CA:16:10 Paducah,KY-IL:17:10 Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville,FL:10:6 Parkersburg-Marietta-Vienna,WV-OH:17:10 Pascagoula,MS:15:9 Pendleton-Hermiston,OR:12:7 Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent,FL:14:8 Peoria,IL:16:10 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington,PA-NJ-DE-MD:28:17 Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale,AZ:26:16 Pittsburgh,PA:25:15 Pittsfield,MA:14:9 Platteville,WI:15:9 Pocatello,ID:15:9 Ponca City,OK:17:10 Portland-South Portland-Biddeford,ME:15:9 Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton,OR-WA:12:7 Portsmouth,OH:16:10 Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown,NY:13:8 Prescott,AZ:7:4 Prineville,OR:14:9 Providence-New Bedford-Fall River,RI-MA:18:11 Provo-Orem,UT:14:8 Pueblo,CO:11:7 Quincy,IL-MO:16:10 Raleigh-Cary,NC:16:9 Rapid City,SD:11:6 Reading,PA:19:11 Red Bluff,CA:14:8 Redding,CA:10:6 Reno-Sparks,NV:15:9 Richmond,VA:15:9 Richmond-Berea,KY:15:9 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario,CA:34:21 Riverton,WY:13:8 Roanoke,VA:15:9 Rochester,MN:13:8 Rochester,NY:14:9 Rock Springs,WY:13:8 Rockford,IL:16:9 Rocky Mount,NC:13:8 Rome,GA:18:11 Russellville,AR:14:9 Rutland,VT:15:9 Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville,CA:15:9 Salinas,CA:10:6 Salisbury,NC:16:9 Salt Lake City,UT:15:9 San Antonio,TX:14:9 San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos,CA:24:14 San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont,CA:16:10 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara,CA:16:10 San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles,CA:16:10 Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Goleta,CA:14:9 Santa Cruz-Watsonville,CA:10:6 Santa Fe,NM:8:5 Santa Rosa-Petaluma,CA:14:8 Sault Ste. Marie,MI:14:8 Savannah,GA:17:10 Scottsbluff,NE:9:6 Scranton--Wilkes-Barre,PA:14:8 Seaford,DE:14:8 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue,WA:16:10 Sheridan,WY:14:8 Shreveport-Bossier City,LA:26:16 Sierra Vista-Douglas,AZ:11:7 Sioux City,IA-NE-SD:16:10 Sioux Falls,SD:14:9 Somerset,KY:16:10 South Bend-Mishawaka,IN-MI:21:13 Spartanburg,SC:16:10 Spokane,WA:12:7 Springfield,IL:16:10 Springfield,MA:15:9 Springfield,MO:17:10 Springfield,OH:17:10 St. Cloud,MN:14:8 St. George,UT:11:7 St. Joseph,MO-KS:20:12 St. Louis,MO-IL:22:13 State College,PA:19:11 Stockton,CA:21:12 Syracuse,NY:12:7 Talladega-Sylacauga,AL:17:10 Tallahassee,FL:14:9 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater,FL:13:8 Terre Haute,IN:19:12 Texarkana,TX-Texarkana,AR:18:11 Thomasville-Lexington,NC:17:10 Toledo,OH:17:10 Topeka,KS:14:9 Torrington,CT:9:6 Trenton-Ewing,NJ:15:9 Truckee-Grass Valley,CA:10:6 Tucson,AZ:10:6 Tulsa,OK:16:10 Tupelo,MS:16:10 Tuscaloosa,AL:16:9 Ukiah,CA:12:7 Valdosta,GA:14:9 Vallejo-Fairfield,CA:15:9 Vernal,UT:12:7 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News,VA-NC:14:8 Visalia-Porterville,CA:25:15 Warner Robins,GA:16:10 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria,DC-VA-MD-WV:19:12 Waterloo-Cedar Falls,IA:16:10 Watertown,SD:18:11 Weirton-Steubenville,WV-OH:20:12 Wenatchee,WA:17:10 Wheeling,WV-OH:20:12 Wichita,KS:16:9 Wilmington,NC:14:9 Winchester,VA-WV:16:10 Winston-Salem,NC:15:9 Worcester,MA:15:9 Yakima,WA:17:10 York-Hanover,PA:20:12 Youngstown-Warren-Boardman,OH-PA:23:14 Yuba City,CA:12:7 Yuma,AZ:14:9
We now can calculate the pollution for a particular state. To compare a number of states, we can run the program once for each state. But it would be nice to run the program just once and have it repeat the calculations for each state that we are concerned about.
To do this, we need to be able to easily repeat the “find average pollution” logic. If we have
a large amount of code that we want to repeat, it makes sense to turn it into a function. The
function getAvgPM25
will take in a targetState
and the data
collection. It will
then do the work to calculate the average and return it. There are some print
calls in the
function just to show us what data is being worked on to help confirm the code is working.
In the main part of the program, we call the function twice - once for “OR” and once for “TX”.
If we have a large list of states we want to process, it would be silly to keep copy/pasting the last three lines of code for different state codes. Repeating those three lines over and over is the perfect job for a loop. Let’s write a loop that can iterate through a list of states:
Write a loop to print out each state in stateList
on its own line. Do not
print anything other than the state codes.
Now we can use your code to help find the average pollution for a large number of
different states. Add your loop to the main part of the program below and make sure
your loop runs the two lines shown in comments (you may have to adjust the variable
name state
so it matches your loop). stateList
has a list of the three richest
(MD, AK, NJ) and poorest states (AK, WV, MS) by per capita income.
- The richer states seem to be more polluted.
- Correct
- The poorer states seem to be more polluted.
- The poorer states are AR, WV, and MS
- There does not seem to be a pattern to the results.
- The poorer states are AR, WV, and MS
What does the program reveal?