Chapter 6 Exercises

1. There are errors in the indention in the following code. Fix it to work correctly without errors.

   def square(turtle): turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) from turtle import * # use the turtle library space = Screen() # create a turtle screen malik = Turtle() # create a turtle named malik square(malik) # draw a square with malik

   The lines following the defintion of the square procedure needed to be indented by 4 spaces as shown below.

   def square(turtle): turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) from turtle import * # use the turtle library space = Screen() # create a turtle screen malik = Turtle() # create a turtle named malik square(malik) # draw a square with malik

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2. Fix the errors so it runs and returns the perimeter of a rectangle.

   def recPerimeter(length, width) perimeter = 2 * (length + width) Return recPerimeter print(recPerimeter(2,4))

   Indentation needs to be fixed and there needs to be a colon after the function name. return should be lowercase and you should return the variable in the function not the function name.

   def recPerimeter(length, width): perimeter = 2 * (length + width) return perimeter print(recPerimeter(2,4))

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3. There are 2 syntax errors in the following code. Fix the errors so that it runs.

   def square(turtle) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) from turtle import * # use the turtle library space = Screen() # create a turtle screen malik = Turtle() # create a turtle named malik square() # draw a square with malik

   There must be a : at the end of the procedure definition. You also have to pass malik to the square procedure as shown below.

   def square(turtle): turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) from turtle import * # use the turtle library space = Screen() # create a turtle screen malik = Turtle() # create a turtle named malik square(malik) # draw a square with malik

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4. Fix the errors so the code runs and returns the area of a square.

   x = squareArea(5) Def squareArea(sideLength): area = length * length return area print(x)

   ‘’def’’ should be lowercase. The call to the function should occur after the function is defined.

   def squareArea(sideLength): area = sideLength * sideLength return area x = squareArea(5) print(x)

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5. The following code has 4 syntax errors. Fix the errors so that the code runs.

   def square(turtle,size): turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) from turtle import * # use the turtle library space = Screen() # create a turtle screen (space) malik = Turtle() # create a turtle named malik square(Malik, 100) # draw a square of size 100 square(Malik, 75) # draw a square of size 75 square(Malik, 50) # draw a square of size 50 square(Malik, 25) # draw a square of size 25

   You must change the Malik to malik on the calls to square. Remember that Python is case sensitive.

   def square(turtle,size): turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) from turtle import * # use the turtle library space = Screen() # create a turtle screen (space) malik = Turtle() # create a turtle named malik square(malik, 100) # draw a square of size 100 square(malik, 75) # draw a square of size 75 square(malik, 50) # draw a square of size 50 square(malik, 25) # draw a square of size 25

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6. Change the code to take 3 parameters, a turtle, a size that tells it how far to go, and an angle it tells the turtle to turn.

   def move(turtle): turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) from turtle import * space = Screen() t = Turtle() move(t, 100, 90)

   Add both the distance and angle parameters to the function definition.

   def move(turtle, distance, angle): turtle.forward(distance) turtle.right(angle) turtle.forward(distance) turtle.right(angle) turtle.forward(distance) turtle.right(angle) turtle.forward(distance) turtle.right(angle) from turtle import * space = Screen() t = Turtle() move(t, 100, 90)

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7. The following code has three lines that need to be changed. Fix the code to run correctly.

   def square(turtle,size): turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) from turtle import * # use the turtle library space = Screen() # create a turtle screen (space) malik = Turtle() # create a turtle named malik square(100, malik) # draw a square of size 100 square(malik) # draw a square of size 75 square(50) # draw a square of size 50 square(malik, 25) # draw a square of size 25

   You have to pass the turtle first and then the size separated by a ,.

   def square(turtle,size): turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) from turtle import * # use the turtle library space = Screen() # create a turtle screen (space) malik = Turtle() # create a turtle named malik square(malik, 100) # draw a square of size 100 square(malik, 75) # draw a square of size 75 square(malik, 50) # draw a square of size 50 square(malik, 25) # draw a square of size 25

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8. Fix the errors so it prints "My name is John and I am 18 years old".

   def nameAndAge(nameString, ageInt): print(My name is "nameString" and I am + "str(ageInt)" + years old) print(nameAndAge(18, "John"))

   It’s a function so you need to return not print. Also, fix the errors in returning the values. Then in the call to the function, make sure the string is the first argument and the age the second.

   def nameAndAge(nameString, ageInt): return("My name is " + nameString + " and I am " + str(ageInt) + " years old") print(nameAndAge("John", 18))

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9. Change the square procedure below to take a size parameter and have the turtle go forward by the specified size each time.

   def square(turtle): turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(100) turtle.right(90) from turtle import * # use the turtle library space = Screen() # create a turtle screen malik = Turtle() # create a turtle named malik square(malik) # draw a square with malik

   Add the size parameter to the procedure defintion and be sure to add a value for the size when you call the procedure as well.

   def square(turtle, size): turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(90) from turtle import * # use the turtle library space = Screen() # create a turtle screen malik = Turtle() # create a turtle named malik square(malik,50) # draw a square with malik

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10. Change the code so the function takes parameters for the base and height of the triangle. Then, write code to call the function and print the result.

    def areaTriangle(): base = 5 height = 4 return (5 * 4) / 2

    Add the parameters for base and height and call the function inside the print statement.

    def areaTriangle(base, height): return (base * height) / 2 print(areaTriangle(5,4))

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11. Change the code below to create a function that calculates the cost of a trip. It should take the miles, milesPerGallon, and pricePerGallon as parameters and should return the cost of the trip.

    miles = 500 milesPerGallon = 26 numGallons = miles / milesPerGallon pricePerGallon = 3.45 total = numGallons * pricePerGallon print(total)

    Add a function definition that takes as parameters miles, milesPerGallon, and pricePerGallon. Don’t forget to call the function to test it.

    def costOfTrip(miles, milesPerGallon, pricePerGallon): numGallons = miles / milesPerGallon total = numGallons * pricePerGallon return(total) print("The cost of the trip is " + str(costOfTrip(500,26,3.45)))

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12. Fix the errors in the procedure and call it.

    from turtle import * space = Screen() t = Turtle() t2 = Turtle() turtleDrawing(t, t2, 100, 45) turtleDrawing def(turtle, turtle2, distance, angle) turtle.left(angle) turtle2.right(angle) turtle.forward(turtle2) turtle2.forward(turtle) return distance

    The procedure has to be defined before you can call it. Also, in the procedure, make sure the turtle methods are using the distance and angle parameters.

    def turtleDrawing(turtle, turtle2, distance, angle): turtle.left(angle) turtle2.right(angle) turtle.forward(distance) turtle2.forward(distance) from turtle import * space = Screen() t = Turtle() t2 = Turtle() turtleDrawing(t, t2, 100, 45)

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13. Change the code below to create a function to return the number of miles you can drive. It will take as input (parameters) the tankCapacity, theAmountLeft, and the milesPerGallon.

    tankCapacity = 10 amountLeft = 0.25 numGallons = tankCapacity * amountLeft milesPerGallon = 32 numMiles = numGallons * milesPerGallon print(numMiles)

    Add a function definition that takes as parameters tankCapacity,``amountLeft``, and milesPerGallon. Be sure to call the function to test it.

    def calcNumMiles(tankCapacity,amountLeft, milesPerGallon): numGallons = tankCapacity * amountLeft numMiles = numGallons * milesPerGallon return(numMiles) print("The number of miles you can go is " + str(calcNumMiles(10,0.25,32)))

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14. Complete and change the code to be a function with 2 parameters that returns the time taken to travel and call the function

    speed = 5 distance = 25 timeTakenToTravel = print(timeTakenToTravel)

    Take speed and distance as parameters and return distance / speed. When calling the function, make sure the arguments are in the right order.

    def timeTaken(speed, distance): return distance / speed print(timeTaken(5,25))

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15. Create a procedure to draw a rectangle and call it. Be sure to take the width and height of the rectangle as input to the procedure.

    Create the procedure and be sure to call it to test it.

    def rectangle(turtle, width, height): turtle.forward(width) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(height) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(width) turtle.right(90) turtle.forward(height) from turtle import * # use the turtle library space = Screen() # create a turtle screen malik = Turtle() # create a turtle named malik rectangle(malik, 100, 80) # draw a rectangle with malik

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16. Create a procedure that takes 2 parameters, a string that you get from a user input and an int. Make the procedure print the string the number of times the int parameter gives and call the procedure.

    Procedure means you want to print not return. Have a string and an int parameter and print the product of the two. When calling the procedure, first get the user input and then pass that input as an argument.

    def userProcedure(aString, bInt): print(aString * bInt) userInput = input("give me a string") userProcedure(userInput, 7)

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17. Create a procedure to draw a triangle and call it. Be sure to take the length of each side of the triangle as input to the procedure.

    Create the procedure and be sure to call it to test it.

    def triangle(turtle, size): turtle.left(60) turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(120) turtle.forward(size) turtle.right(120) turtle.forward(size) from turtle import * # use the turtle library space = Screen() # create a turtle screen malik = Turtle() # create a turtle named malik triangle(malik, 100) # draw a triangle with malik

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18. Create a procedure that takes 7 paramters (turtle, distance, angle, and 4 color strings) and call the procedure to draw a square in 4 different colors.

    Take a parameter for the turtle, distance, and the 4 colors. When you call the procedure make sure the arguments are in the right order.

    def coloredSquare(turtle, distance, angle, color1, color2, color3, color4): turtle.color(color1) turtle.forward(distance) turtle.left(angle) turtle.color(color2) turtle.forward(distance) turtle.left(angle) turtle.color(color3) turtle.forward(distance) turtle.left(angle) turtle.color(color4) turtle.forward(distance) from turtle import * space = Screen() t = Turtle() coloredSquare(t, 100, 90, "blue", "red", "green", "yellow")

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19. Write the code below to create a procedure that prints a mad lib. You can ask the user for input and then pass that input into the procedure.

    Create the procedure and be sure to call it to test it.

    def printMadLib(place,verb,action,color,animal): print("Once upon a time in " + place + ", I was " + verb + "ing and I " + action + " because a " + color + " " + animal + " was also " + verb + "ing.") place = input("Enter the name of a place.") verb = input("Enter a verb.") action = input("Enter an action.") color = input("Enter your favorite color.") animal = input("What is your favorite animal?") printMadLib(place,verb,action,color,animal)

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20. Write a function that takes the current hour, current minute, an int to be added to the current hour, and an int to be added to the current minute, and return a string with the new hour and minute (standard 12 hour time; if minutes exceed 60, it should go to the hour) and call the function.

    Make sure the function takes in the 4 parameters. Use the mod function to make sure minutes and hours don’t exceed 60 and 12, respectively. The total minutes minus the remaining minutes (from the mod function) gives the number of hours made from the extra minutes.

    def newTime(currentHour, currentMinute, intHour, intMinute): minutes = currentMinute + intMinute remainingMinutes = minutes % 60 hoursFromMinutes = minutes - remainingMinutes newHour = (currentHour + intHour + hoursFromMinutes) % 12 return (str(newHour) + " hour(s) and " + str(remainingMinutes) + " minute(s)") print(newTime(1, 30, 5, 50))

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