Search.setIndex({"docnames": ["PART1_SQL/01-sql-basics/sql-basics", "PART1_SQL/02-data-retrieval/data-retrieval", "PART1_SQL/03-expressions/expressions", "PART1_SQL/04-multiple-tables/multiple-tables", "PART1_SQL/05-data-modification/data-modification", "PART1_SQL/06-table-creation/table-creation", "PART1_SQL/07-constraints/constraints", "PART1_SQL/08-subqueries/subqueries", "PART1_SQL/09-grouping-and-aggregation/grouping-and-aggregation", "PART1_SQL/10-set-operations/set-operations", "PART1_SQL/11-advanced-topics/advanced-topics", "PART1_SQL/index", "PART2_DATA_MODELING/01-introduction/introduction", "PART2_DATA_MODELING/02-ERD/ERD", "PART2_DATA_MODELING/03-ERD-to-relational/ERD-to-relational", "PART2_DATA_MODELING/04-other-notations/other-notations", "PART2_DATA_MODELING/index", "PART3_RELATIONAL_DATABASE_THEORY/01-relational-model/relational-model", "PART3_RELATIONAL_DATABASE_THEORY/02-relational-algebra/relational-algebra", "PART3_RELATIONAL_DATABASE_THEORY/03-normalization/normalization", "PART3_RELATIONAL_DATABASE_THEORY/04-sql-vs-theory/sql-vs-theory", "PART3_RELATIONAL_DATABASE_THEORY/index", "appendix-a-datasets/datasets", "appendix-b-reference/reference", "front-matter/acknowledgments", "front-matter/preface", "index", "references/references"], "filenames": ["PART1_SQL/01-sql-basics/sql-basics.rst", "PART1_SQL/02-data-retrieval/data-retrieval.rst", "PART1_SQL/03-expressions/expressions.rst", "PART1_SQL/04-multiple-tables/multiple-tables.rst", "PART1_SQL/05-data-modification/data-modification.rst", "PART1_SQL/06-table-creation/table-creation.rst", "PART1_SQL/07-constraints/constraints.rst", "PART1_SQL/08-subqueries/subqueries.rst", "PART1_SQL/09-grouping-and-aggregation/grouping-and-aggregation.rst", "PART1_SQL/10-set-operations/set-operations.rst", "PART1_SQL/11-advanced-topics/advanced-topics.rst", "PART1_SQL/index.rst", "PART2_DATA_MODELING/01-introduction/introduction.rst", "PART2_DATA_MODELING/02-ERD/ERD.rst", "PART2_DATA_MODELING/03-ERD-to-relational/ERD-to-relational.rst", "PART2_DATA_MODELING/04-other-notations/other-notations.rst", "PART2_DATA_MODELING/index.rst", "PART3_RELATIONAL_DATABASE_THEORY/01-relational-model/relational-model.rst", "PART3_RELATIONAL_DATABASE_THEORY/02-relational-algebra/relational-algebra.rst", "PART3_RELATIONAL_DATABASE_THEORY/03-normalization/normalization.rst", "PART3_RELATIONAL_DATABASE_THEORY/04-sql-vs-theory/sql-vs-theory.rst", "PART3_RELATIONAL_DATABASE_THEORY/index.rst", "appendix-a-datasets/datasets.rst", "appendix-b-reference/reference.rst", "front-matter/acknowledgments.rst", "front-matter/preface.rst", "index.rst", "references/references.rst"], "titles": ["<span class=\"section-number\">1.1. </span>Basics", "<span class=\"section-number\">1.2. </span>Data retrieval", "<span class=\"section-number\">1.3. </span>Expressions", "<span class=\"section-number\">1.4. </span>Queries on multiple tables", "<span class=\"section-number\">1.5. </span>Modifying data", "<span class=\"section-number\">1.6. </span>Data types and table creation", "<span class=\"section-number\">1.7. </span>Keys and constraints", "<span class=\"section-number\">1.8. </span>Subqueries", "<span class=\"section-number\">1.9. </span>Grouping and aggregation", "<span class=\"section-number\">1.10. </span>Set operations", "<span class=\"section-number\">1.11. </span>Advanced topics", "<span class=\"section-number\">1. </span>SQL", "<span class=\"section-number\">2.1. </span>Introduction to data modeling", "<span class=\"section-number\">2.2. </span>Entity-relationship diagrams", "<span class=\"section-number\">2.3. </span>Converting ERD to a relational model", "<span class=\"section-number\">2.4. </span>ERD alternatives and variations", "<span class=\"section-number\">2. </span>DATA MODELING", "<span class=\"section-number\">3.1. </span>The relational model of the database", "<span class=\"section-number\">3.2. </span>Relational algebra", "<span class=\"section-number\">3.3. </span>Normalization", "<span class=\"section-number\">3.4. </span>Differences between SQL and the relational model", "<span class=\"section-number\">3. </span>RELATIONAL DATABASE THEORY", "Appendix A: Example datasets used in this book", "Appendix B: SQL Reference", "Acknowledgments", "Preface", "A Practical Introduction to Databases", "References"], "terms": {"part": [0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27], "1": [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27], "thi": [0, 5, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26], "book": [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26], "i": [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26], "all": [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25], "about": [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 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"version": 26}, "envversion": {"sphinx.domains.c": 2, "sphinx.domains.changeset": 1, "sphinx.domains.citation": 1, "sphinx.domains.cpp": 8, "sphinx.domains.index": 1, "sphinx.domains.javascript": 2, "sphinx.domains.math": 2, "sphinx.domains.python": 3, "sphinx.domains.rst": 2, "sphinx.domains.std": 2, "sphinx": 57}, "alltitles": {"Basics": [[0, "basics"]], "Databases and database systems": [[0, "databases-and-database-systems"]], "Tables": [[0, "tables"]], "Structured Query Language (SQL)": [[0, "structured-query-language-sql"]], "Retrieving data using SELECT": [[0, "retrieving-data-using-select"]], "Retrieving specific columns": [[0, "retrieving-specific-columns"]], "Looking ahead": [[0, "looking-ahead"], [0, "id1"]], "Creating tables and adding data": [[0, "creating-tables-and-adding-data"]], "SQL statement rules and conventions": [[0, "sql-statement-rules-and-conventions"]], "Comments": [[0, "comments"]], "Interactive examples": [[0, "interactive-examples"]], "Data retrieval": [[1, "data-retrieval"]], "Tables used in this chapter": [[1, "tables-used-in-this-chapter"], [2, "tables-used-in-this-chapter"], [3, "tables-used-in-this-chapter"], [4, "tables-used-in-this-chapter"], [6, "tables-used-in-this-chapter"], [7, "tables-used-in-this-chapter"], [8, "tables-used-in-this-chapter"], [9, "tables-used-in-this-chapter"], [10, "tables-used-in-this-chapter"]], "Filtering rows: the WHERE clause": [[1, "filtering-rows-the-where-clause"]], "Ordering data: the ORDER BY clause": [[1, "ordering-data-the-order-by-clause"]], "Retrieving unique rows: the DISTINCT keyword": [[1, "retrieving-unique-rows-the-distinct-keyword"]], "Self-check exercises": [[1, "self-check-exercises"], [2, "self-check-exercises"], [3, "self-check-exercises"], [4, "self-check-exercises"], [5, "self-check-exercises"], [7, "self-check-exercises"], [8, "self-check-exercises"], [9, "self-check-exercises"], [13, "self-check-exercises"], [14, "self-check-exercises"], [17, "self-check-exercises"]], "Expressions": [[2, "expressions"]], "Column expressions": [[2, "column-expressions"]], "Literals": [[2, "literals"]], "Operators and functions": [[2, "operators-and-functions"], [23, "operators-and-functions"]], "Comparison operators": [[2, "comparison-operators"], [23, "comparison-operators"]], "Mathematics": [[2, "mathematics"]], "Character string operators and functions": [[2, "character-string-operators-and-functions"], [23, "character-string-operators-and-functions"]], "Boolean operators": [[2, "boolean-operators"], [23, "boolean-operators"]], "Date and time operators and functions": [[2, "date-and-time-operators-and-functions"], [23, "date-and-time-operators-and-functions"]], "NULL": [[2, "null"], [17, "null"]], "Ordering and NULLs": [[2, "ordering-and-nulls"]], "Conditional expressions": [[2, "conditional-expressions"]], "Queries on multiple tables": [[3, "queries-on-multiple-tables"]], "Simple joins": [[3, "simple-joins"]], "Names of things": [[3, "names-of-things"]], "Name collisions and ambiguity": [[3, "name-collisions-and-ambiguity"]], "Qualified names": [[3, "qualified-names"]], "Aliasing": [[3, "aliasing"]], "Reserved names, names with spaces, or mixed-case names": [[3, "reserved-names-names-with-spaces-or-mixed-case-names"]], "Identity columns": [[3, "index-5"]], "Table relationships": [[3, "table-relationships"]], "One-to-one": [[3, "one-to-one"], [14, "one-to-one"]], "One-to-many": [[3, "one-to-many"], [14, "one-to-many"]], "Many-to-many": [[3, "many-to-many"], [14, "many-to-many"]], "Inner and outer joins": [[3, "inner-and-outer-joins"]], "Implicit join syntax": [[3, "implicit-join-syntax"]], "Modifying data": [[4, "modifying-data"]], "Adding data using INSERT": [[4, "adding-data-using-insert"]], "Specifying columns": [[4, "specifying-columns"]], "Inserting multiple rows": [[4, "inserting-multiple-rows"]], "Inserting query results": [[4, "inserting-query-results"]], "Removing data with DELETE": [[4, "removing-data-with-delete"]], "Modifying data with UPDATE": [[4, "modifying-data-with-update"]], "Other data modification statements": [[4, "other-data-modification-statements"]], "Data types and table creation": [[5, "data-types-and-table-creation"]], "Data types": [[5, "data-types"], [23, "data-types"]], "Numbers": [[5, "numbers"]], "Integers": [[5, "integers"], [23, "integers"]], "Exact decimal numbers": [[5, "exact-decimal-numbers"], [23, "exact-decimal-numbers"]], "Floating point numbers": [[5, "floating-point-numbers"], [23, "floating-point-numbers"]], "Character string types": [[5, "character-string-types"], [23, "character-string-types"]], "Date and time types": [[5, "date-and-time-types"], [23, "date-and-time-types"]], "Additional data types": [[5, "additional-data-types"]], "Types in SQLite": [[5, "types-in-sqlite"]], "Creating tables": [[5, "creating-tables"]], "Creating a table from scratch": [[5, "creating-a-table-from-scratch"]], "Dropping tables": [[5, "dropping-tables"]], "Creating a table from a query": [[5, "creating-a-table-from-a-query"]], "Defaults and auto increments": [[5, "defaults-and-auto-increments"]], "Keys and constraints": [[6, "keys-and-constraints"]], "Constraints": [[6, "constraints"], [17, "constraints"]], "Primary keys": [[6, "primary-keys"]], "Creating a primary key": [[6, "creating-a-primary-key"]], "Foreign keys": [[6, "foreign-keys"], [17, "foreign-keys"]], "Creating a foreign key constraint": [[6, "creating-a-foreign-key-constraint"]], "Enforcement mechanisms": [[6, "enforcement-mechanisms"]], "Other constraints": [[6, "other-constraints"]], "UNIQUE": [[6, "unique"]], "NOT NULL": [[6, "not-null"]], "CHECK": [[6, "check"]], "Subqueries": [[7, "subqueries"]], "Scalars, rows, and tables": [[7, "scalars-rows-and-tables"]], "Boolean expressions using subqueries": [[7, "boolean-expressions-using-subqueries"]], "Scalar or row result": [[7, "scalar-or-row-result"]], "Table or column result": [[7, "table-or-column-result"]], "IN": [[7, "in"]], "ALL, ANY, and SOME": [[7, "all-any-and-some"]], "Use in statements": [[7, "use-in-statements"]], "Correlated subqueries": [[7, "correlated-subqueries"]], "EXISTS": [[7, "exists"]], "Subqueries in other clauses": [[7, "subqueries-in-other-clauses"]], "SELECT": [[7, "select"]], "SET": [[7, "set"]], "FROM": [[7, "from"]], "Comparison with joins": [[7, "comparison-with-joins"]], "Grouping and aggregation": [[8, "grouping-and-aggregation"]], "Aggregate statistics": [[8, "aggregate-statistics"]], "Grouping": [[8, "grouping"]], "Filtering grouped data": [[8, "filtering-grouped-data"]], "Set operations": [[9, "set-operations"], [18, "set-operations"]], "Sets refresher": [[9, "sets-refresher"]], "Tables as sets": [[9, "tables-as-sets"]], "Union": [[9, "union"]], "Multiset complication": [[9, "multiset-complication"]], "Intersection": [[9, "intersection"]], "Set difference": [[9, "set-difference"]], "Chaining operations": [[9, "chaining-operations"]], "Advanced topics": [[10, "advanced-topics"]], "Views": [[10, "views"]], "Common table expressions": [[10, "common-table-expressions"]], "Window functions": [[10, "window-functions"]], "SQL": [[11, "sql"], [27, "sql"]], "Introduction to data modeling": [[12, "introduction-to-data-modeling"]], "Entity-relationship diagrams": [[13, "entity-relationship-diagrams"]], "Basic model": [[13, "basic-model"]], "Entities": [[13, "entities"], [14, "entities"]], "Attributes": [[13, "attributes"], [15, "attributes"], [17, "attributes"]], "Keys": [[13, "keys"]], "Relationships": [[13, "relationships"], [14, "relationships"]], "Cardinality ratios and participation": [[13, "cardinality-ratios-and-participation"], [15, "cardinality-ratios-and-participation"]], "Putting it together": [[13, "putting-it-together"]], "More complex modeling options": [[13, "more-complex-modeling-options"]], "Recursive relationships": [[13, "recursive-relationships"]], "Weak entities": [[13, "weak-entities"], [14, "weak-entities"]], "Composite attributes": [[13, 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"id14"]], "Table factory": [[14, "id10"], [14, "id15"]], "Higher arity relationships": [[14, "higher-arity-relationships"]], "Identifying relationships": [[14, "identifying-relationships"]], "Table model (preliminary)": [[14, "id11"]], "Table model_application (preliminary)": [[14, "id12"]], "Table application": [[14, "id13"], [14, "id19"]], "Full model conversion": [[14, "full-model-conversion"]], "Table model": [[14, "id17"]], "Table model_application": [[14, "id18"]], "Table model_part": [[14, "id21"]], "ERD alternatives and variations": [[15, "erd-alternatives-and-variations"]], "Crow\u2019s foot notation": [[15, "crow-s-foot-notation"]], "Entity-relationship modeling": [[15, "entity-relationship-modeling"]], "Lower level models": [[15, "lower-level-models"]], "Common variations": [[15, "common-variations"]], "Participation": [[15, "id5"]], "Minimum and maximum cardinality": [[15, "id6"]], "DATA MODELING": [[16, "data-modeling"]], "The relational model of the database": [[17, "the-relational-model-of-the-database"]], "Model basics": [[17, "model-basics"]], "Sets": [[17, "sets"]], "Relations": [[17, "relations"]], "Tuples": [[17, "tuples"]], "Schemas": [[17, "schemas"]], "Uniqueness and permutations": [[17, "uniqueness-and-permutations"]], "Keys and primary keys": [[17, "keys-and-primary-keys"]], "Consistency": [[17, "consistency"]], "Modification operations": [[17, "modification-operations"]], "Three-valued logic": [[17, "three-valued-logic"]], "Constraints and NULL": [[17, "constraints-and-null"]], "Relational algebra": [[18, "relational-algebra"]], "Unary operations": [[18, "unary-operations"]], "books": [[18, "id9"], [19, "id19"]], "Selection": [[18, "selection"]], "Projection": [[18, "projection"]], "\\pi_{\\text{year}}(\\text{books})": [[18, "id10"]], "Renaming": [[18, "renaming"]], "Cross products and joins": [[18, "cross-products-and-joins"]], "authors": [[18, "id11"], [19, "id17"]], "Cross product": [[18, "cross-product"]], "S": [[18, "id12"]], "T": 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"decomposition-properties"]], "Exact recovery": [[19, "exact-recovery"]], "Dependency preservation": [[19, "dependency-preservation"]], "scifi_awards": [[19, "id21"]], "scifi_awards_1": [[19, "id22"]], "scifi_awards_2": [[19, "id23"]], "Multivalued dependencies and fourth normal form": [[19, "multivalued-dependencies-and-fourth-normal-form"]], "authors_and_awards": [[19, "id24"]], "author_awards": [[19, "id25"]], "author_book_awards": [[19, "id26"]], "Trade-offs": [[19, "trade-offs"]], "Normalization in database design": [[19, "normalization-in-database-design"]], "Differences between SQL and the relational model": [[20, "differences-between-sql-and-the-relational-model"]], "Relations as sets": [[20, "relations-as-sets"]], "Tuples and attributes": [[20, "tuples-and-attributes"]], "Logical confusions": [[20, "logical-confusions"]], "RELATIONAL DATABASE THEORY": [[21, "relational-database-theory"]], "Appendix A: Example datasets used in this book": [[22, "appendix-a-example-datasets-used-in-this-book"]], "Quick links": [[22, "quick-links"]], "Dataset descriptions": [[22, "dataset-descriptions"]], "The simple books dataset": [[22, "the-simple-books-dataset"]], "The expanded books dataset": [[22, "the-expanded-books-dataset"]], "The bookstore dataset": [[22, "the-bookstore-dataset"]], "Other tables in the database": [[22, "other-tables-in-the-database"]], "Data collection notes": [[22, "data-collection-notes"]], "Getting the data": [[22, "getting-the-data"]], "SQLite": [[22, "id1"]], "PostgreSQL": [[22, "postgresql"]], "MySQL": [[22, "mysql"]], "Oracle": [[22, "oracle"]], "SQL Server": [[22, "sql-server"]], "Raw data files": [[22, "raw-data-files"]], "Appendix B: SQL Reference": [[23, "appendix-b-sql-reference"]], "Number types": [[23, "number-types"]], "Database support for number types": [[23, "database-support-for-number-types"]], "Mathematical operators and functions": [[23, "mathematical-operators-and-functions"]], "Miscellaneous operators and functions": [[23, "miscellaneous-operators-and-functions"]], "Aggregate functions": [[23, "aggregate-functions"]], "Acknowledgments": [[24, "acknowledgments"]], "Preface": [[25, "preface"]], "A Practical Introduction to Databases": [[26, "a-practical-introduction-to-databases"]], "Table of contents": [[26, "table-of-contents"]], "Cover photo": [[26, "cover-photo"]], "License": [[26, "license"]], "Version": [[26, "version"]], "References": [[27, "references"]], "Data modeling": [[27, "data-modeling"]], "Relational database theory": [[27, "relational-database-theory"]]}, "indexentries": {"dbms": [[0, "index-0"]], "from": [[0, "index-3"]], "select": [[0, "index-3"]], "sql": [[0, "index-2"]], "structured query language": [[0, "index-2"]], "clause": [[0, "index-3"]], "column": [[0, "index-1"], [3, "index-5"]], "comments": [[0, "index-4"]], "data": [[0, "index-3"], [4, "index-0"], [4, "index-2"], [4, "index-3"], [5, "index-1"], [12, "index-0"]], "database": [[0, "index-0"], 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