17.11. Summary¶

This chapter included the following concepts from computing.

Body Syntonic - Body syntonic means experiences related to knowledge of your body. You can use your knowledge of how to move your body to help you understand how to move the turtle objects.
Comment - A comment describes one or more lines of code. Comments are ignored by the computer. A comment in Python starts with #. The computer will ignore everything from the start of the comment to the end of that line.
Object - Turtles are objects in Python. Objects can have data and behavior. A turtle object knows its heading (data) and can go forward and turn (behavior).
Method - Functions that are defined in the Turtle class are called methods. Methods define the behaviors for the objects of a class (what they can do).

17.11.1. Summary of Turtle Methods¶

The table below shows some of the turtle methods that you might find useful. See https://docs.python.org/3/library/turtle.html for a complete list.

Name	Input	Description
backward	amount	Moves the turle backward by the specified amount
begin_fill	None	Starts a shape to fill
circle	radius	Draws a circle with the specified radius
color	colorname	Sets the color for the pen. Use ‘red’, ‘black’, etc. If you give it two colors the second is the fill color.
end_fill	None	Ends a shape to fill
fillcolor	colorname	Sets the fill color to the specified color. Use ‘red’, ‘black’, etc.
forward	amount	Moves the turtle forward by the specified amount
goto	x,y	Moves the turtle to position x,y
left	angle	Turns the turtle counter clockwise by the specified angle
pendown	None	Puts down the turtles tail so that it draws when it moves
penup	None	Picks up the turtles tail so that it doesn’t draw when it moves
pensize	width	Sets the width of the pen for drawing
right	angle	Turns the turtle clockwise by the specified angle
setheading	angle	Turns the turtle to face the given heading. East is 0, north is 90, west is 180, and south is 270.
Turtle	None	Creates and returns a new turtle object

The table below shows the screen methods that you might find useful.

Name	Input	Description
bgcolor	color	Sets the color for the screen background
bgpic	file_name	Save a picture of the screen to the file_name
exitonclick	none	Stops the program from exiting until you click the window - use if running turtle code outside of the ebook

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